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Updated with current federal pay tables and reference data

Archive year. This is the 2024 GS-12 pay scale. Current year: 2026 GS-12.
$74,441 GS-12 Step 1 base salary (2024)
$96,770 GS-12 Step 10 base salary (2024)
O-5 Lieutenant Colonel Approximate military equivalent

2024 GS-12 base salary, all 10 steps

This is the nationwide base GS-12 salary schedule for 2024, before any locality adjustment. It shows annual salary, biweekly pay and hourly rate for every step.

Step Annual salary Biweekly pay Hourly rate Notes
Step 1 $74,441 $2,863.12 $35.67 -
Step 2 $76,922 $2,958.54 $36.86 -
Step 3 $79,403 $3,053.96 $38.05 -
Step 4 $81,884 $3,149.38 $39.24 -
Step 5 $84,365 $3,244.81 $40.42 -
Step 6 $86,846 $3,340.23 $41.61 -
Step 7 $89,327 $3,435.65 $42.80 -
Step 8 $91,808 $3,531.08 $43.99 -
Step 9 $94,289 $3,626.50 $45.18 -
Step 10 $96,770 $3,721.92 $46.37 -
← GS-11 Calculate GS-12 pay GS-13 →

Who is a GS-12?

Typical role. Experienced professionals and working-level experts. This is the most common GS grade for mid-career federal employees. Many policy, acquisition, engineering and scientific specialists sit at GS-12.

Minimum qualifications. One year of specialized experience at the GS-11 level.

Career progression. Competitive promotion to GS-13 requires a GS-13 vacancy and selection on merit.

Step-increase waiting periods

Within-grade step increases happen automatically as long as your performance is acceptable.

  • Step 1 → Step 2 52 weeks
  • Step 2 → Step 3 52 weeks
  • Step 3 → Step 4 52 weeks
  • Step 4 → Step 5 104 weeks
  • Step 5 → Step 6 104 weeks
  • Step 6 → Step 7 104 weeks
  • Step 7 → Step 8 156 weeks
  • Step 8 → Step 9 156 weeks
  • Step 9 → Step 10 156 weeks

GS-12 locality-adjusted salary for every pay area

Most federal employees receive locality pay on top of their base salary. The table below shows GS-12 Step 1 and Step 10 for every OPM locality pay area in 2024, sorted from highest to lowest adjustment.

Locality pay area Adjustment GS-12 Step 1 GS-12 Step 10
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland 45.41% $108,245 $140,713
New York-Newark 37.24% $102,163 $132,807
Los Angeles-Long Beach 35.84% $101,121 $131,452
Houston-The Woodlands 34.72% $100,287 $130,369
Washington-Baltimore-Arlington 33.26% $99,200 $128,956
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad 33.05% $99,044 $128,752
Boston-Worcester-Providence 31.97% $98,240 $127,707
State of Alaska 31.96% $98,232 $127,698
Hartford-East Hartford 31.62% $97,979 $127,369
Seattle-Tacoma 30.81% $97,376 $126,585
Chicago-Naperville 30.41% $97,079 $126,198
Denver-Aurora 29.88% $96,684 $125,685
Sacramento-Roseville 29.16% $96,148 $124,988
Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor 28.82% $95,895 $124,659
Philadelphia-Reading-Camden 28.55% $95,694 $124,398
Minneapolis-St. Paul 27.15% $94,652 $123,043
Dallas-Fort Worth 26.91% $94,473 $122,811
Portland-Vancouver-Salem 25.66% $93,543 $121,601
Miami-Port St. Lucie-Fort Lauderdale 24.42% $92,619 $120,401
Atlanta--Athens-Clarke County--Sandy Springs 23.45% $91,897 $119,463
Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha 22.15% $90,930 $118,205
Phoenix-Mesa 22.02% $90,833 $118,079
Cleveland-Akron-Canton 22.01% $90,825 $118,069
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean 21.99% $90,811 $118,050
Richmond 21.91% $90,751 $117,972
Raleigh-Durham-Cary 21.90% $90,744 $117,963
Columbus-Marion-Zanesville 21.80% $90,669 $117,866
State of Hawaii 21.79% $90,662 $117,856
Cincinnati-Wilmington-Maysville 21.69% $90,587 $117,759
Huntsville-Decatur 21.48% $90,431 $117,556
Laredo 21.33% $90,319 $117,411
Dayton-Springfield-Kettering 21.14% $90,178 $117,227
Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton 20.78% $89,910 $116,879
Albany-Schenectady 20.25% $89,515 $116,366
Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown 19.99% $89,322 $116,114
Colorado Springs 19.73% $89,128 $115,863
St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington 19.63% $89,054 $115,766
Charlotte-Concord 19.26% $88,778 $115,408
Las Vegas-Henderson 19.23% $88,756 $115,379
Harrisburg-Lebanon 19.10% $88,659 $115,253
Burlington-South Burlington-Barre 18.97% $88,562 $115,127
Tucson-Nogales 18.92% $88,525 $115,079
Davenport-Moline 18.66% $88,332 $114,827
Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City 18.65% $88,324 $114,818
San Antonio-New Braunfels-Pearsall 18.49% $88,205 $114,663
Virginia Beach-Norfolk 18.46% $88,183 $114,634
Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas 18.05% $87,878 $114,237
Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont 17.94% $87,796 $114,131
Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega 17.91% $87,773 $114,102
Indianapolis-Carmel-Muncie 17.89% $87,758 $114,082
Des Moines-Ames-West Des Moines 17.68% $87,602 $113,879
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville 17.60% $87,543 $113,802
Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice 17.40% $87,394 $113,608
Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls 17.35% $87,357 $113,560
Spokane-Spokane Valley-Coeur d'Alene 17.18% $87,230 $113,395
Fresno-Madera-Hanford 17.15% $87,208 $113,366
Reno-Fernley 17.11% $87,178 $113,327
Rest of U.S. 16.82% $86,962 $113,047

Top and bottom GS-12 localities in 2024

Lowest-paying areas

About the GS-12 pay scale

GS-12 is part of the 2024 General Schedule, the pay system used by roughly 70% of civilian white-collar federal employees. Experienced professionals and working-level experts. This is the most common GS grade for mid-career federal employees. Many policy, acquisition, engineering and scientific specialists sit at GS-12.

How step increases work

Within-grade step increases happen automatically as long as your performance is acceptable. You move from Step 1 to Step 4 one year at a time, from Step 4 to Step 7 every two years, and from Step 7 to Step 10 every three years. Managers can award a one-time quality step increase (QSI) to accelerate progression for employees whose performance is rated outstanding.

Browse other grades in 2024

GS-12 questions for 2024

  • What is the starting salary for GS-12 in 2024?
    The base starting salary for GS-12 in 2024 is $74,441 at Step 1. With the highest locality adjustment in 2024 (San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, 45.41%), GS-12 Step 1 can reach significantly more.
  • How long does it take to reach GS-12 Step 10?
    If you never get a quality step increase, it takes roughly 18 years to move from Step 1 to Step 10. Steps 1-4 take one year each, Steps 5-7 take two years each, and Steps 8-10 take three years each. A quality step increase can shorten that timeline by one year per QSI.
  • How do I get promoted from GS-12 to GS-13?
    Promotion from GS-12 to GS-13 generally requires one year of specialized experience at the GS-12 level, and a competitive selection into a GS-13 vacancy. Open the GS-13 pay scale to see the next grade's salaries.
  • What is the military equivalent of GS-12?
    GS-12 is roughly equivalent to O-5 Lieutenant Colonel. These equivalents are approximate. The GS and military pay systems do not map one to one.